Tare da ci gaban ɗan adam da ci gaban al'umma, abubuwan da mutane ke buƙata don kayan masarufi ba kawai ayyuka ne masu sauƙi ba, har ma suna mai da hankali sosai ga amincin su da lafiyar su, kare muhallin kore da ilimin halittu.A zamanin yau, lokacin da mutane ke ba da shawarar amfani da na halitta da kore, amincin masaku ya ja hankalin mutane da yawa.Tambayar ko masaku na da illa ga jikin dan adam ya zama daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da mutane ke kula da su baya ga magunguna da abinci.
Yadi yana nufin fiber na halitta da fiber na sinadarai azaman kayan albarkatun kasa, ta hanyar kadi, saƙa, rini da sauran fasahar sarrafawa ko ɗinki, haɗaɗɗen fasaha da sauran fasaha da samfuran samfuri.Ciki har da kayan saka tufafi, kayan ado na ado, kayan masana'antu.
Tufafi sun haɗa da:(1) kowane irin tufa;(2) kowane nau'in yadudduka da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da tufafi;(3) liyi, padding, cikawa, zaren ado, zaren ɗinki da sauran kayan haɗi.
Kayan kayan ado na kayan ado sun haɗa da: (1) abubuwan cikin gida - labule (labule, labule), kayan ado na tebur (tufafi, zanen tebur), kayan ado na kayan ado (sofa mai zane, murfin kayan aiki), kayan ado na ciki (adon gado, kafet);(2) Kwancen kwanciya (kwafin gado, murfin kwalliya, matashin matashin kai, tawul ɗin matashin kai, da sauransu);(3) Abubuwan waje (tantuna, laima, da sauransu).
I .Ayyukan aminci na yadi
(1) Bukatun ƙirar aminci na bayyanar samfur.Manyan alamomin su ne:
1.Kwanciyar kwanciyar hankali: an raba shi da yawa zuwa ƙimar canjin ƙima na bushewa mai bushewa da ƙimar canjin girma na wanka.Yana nufin ƙimar canjin girma na yadi bayan wankewa ko bushewar bushewa sannan bushewa.Ingancin kwanciyar hankali kai tsaye yana shafar aikin farashin kayan yadi da tasirin sawa.
2.Adhesive lining peeling ƙarfi: a cikin kwat da wando, sutturar riga da shirts, masana'anta an rufe shi da wani Layer na nonwoven m rufi ko saka m rufi, sabõda haka, masana'anta yana da m stiffness da juriya, yayin da sa masu amfani ba sauki nakasawa da kuma fita. na siffar a cikin tsari na sakawa, wasa da rawar "kwarangwal" na tufafi.A lokaci guda kuma, yana da mahimmanci don kula da ƙarfin mannewa tsakanin suturar m da masana'anta bayan sawa da wankewa.
3.Pilling: Pilling yana nufin matakin pilling na masana'anta bayan gogayya.Bayyanar masana'anta ya zama mafi muni bayan pilling, wanda kai tsaye ya shafi kyawawan dabi'u.
4.Stitch zamewa ko zamewar yarn: matsakaicin zamewar zamewar zamewa daga kabuwar yatsan lokacin da yatsan yatsa ya matsa kuma ya shimfiɗa.Gabaɗaya yana nufin matakin slime crack na manyan kayan suturar sutura kamar suturar hannu, kabu na hannu, kabu na gefe da kabu na baya.Digiri na zamewa ba zai iya kaiwa ga daidaitaccen ma'auni ba, wanda ya nuna daidaitaccen tsari na warp da yarn a cikin kayan da aka saka da kuma ƙaramin ƙarfi, wanda kai tsaye ya shafi bayyanar sawa har ma ba za a iya sawa ba.
5.Karyewa, tsagewa ko jacking, karye ƙarfi: Karɓar ƙarfi yana jagorantar masana'anta don ɗaukar matsakaicin ƙarfi;Ƙarfin hawaye yana nufin masana'anta da aka saƙa abu ne, ƙugiya, fashewar damuwa na gida da samuwar tsagewa, yarn ko masana'anta na riko na gida, ta yadda masana'anta suka tsage gida biyu, kuma galibi ana kiranta da hawaye: fashewa, fashewar masana'anta masana'anta na inji. ɓangarorin sun kira haɓakawa da fashe sabon abu, waɗannan alamomin ba su cancanta ba, kai tsaye suna shafar tasirin amfani da rayuwar sabis.
6.Abubuwan da ke cikin fiber: yana nuna abun da ke cikin fiber da adadin da ke cikin yadi.Abubuwan da ke cikin fiber shine mahimman bayanan tunani waɗanda ke ba mabukaci umarnin siyan samfur kuma ɗayan mahimman abubuwan da ke yanke shawarar ƙimar samfur, wasu suna wucewa don takalmi da gangan, wucewa don karya, wasu alama a bazuwar, ruɗar ra'ayi, yaudarar mabukaci.
7. sa juriya: yana nufin matakin juriya na masana'anta don sawa, lalacewa shine babban al'amari na lalacewar masana'anta, kai tsaye yana shafar karko na masana'anta.
8.Bayanan buƙatun ɗinki: gami da ma'auni na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, lahani na ƙasa, ɗinki, ironing, zaren, tabo da bambancin launi, da dai sauransu, don kimanta bayyanar ta ƙididdige lahani.Musamman jarirai a matsayin masu rauni, a ko da yaushe shine abin da muke mayar da hankali kan kare abu, jariran da aka yi amfani da suttura shine hulɗar kai tsaye tare da bukatun yara na yau da kullun, amincinsa, jin daɗinsa, iyaye da sauran al'umma sun fi mayar da hankali.Misali, buƙatun samfuran da zippers, tsayin igiya, girman abin wuya, matsayin ɗinki na alamar dorewa, buƙatun kayan ado, da buƙatun ɓangaren bugu duk sun haɗa da aminci.
(2) Yadudduka da aka yi amfani da su, kayan haɗi ko akwai abubuwa masu cutarwa.Babban alamun su ne:
Formaldehyde abun ciki:
1.Ana amfani da Formaldehyde sau da yawa a cikin kammala resin fiber na yadi mai tsabta da kuma masana'anta da aka haɗa da kuma ƙarewar wasu samfuran tufafi.Yana da ayyuka na guga na kyauta, mai hanawa, hana wrinkle da sauƙi na lalatawa.Tufafin da aka yi da su wanda ke ɗauke da wuce kima na formaldehyde, formaldehyde a cikin tsarin mutanen da ke sawa za a saki sannu a hankali, numfashi da hulɗar fata ta cikin jikin ɗan adam, formaldehyde a cikin jikin mucous membrane na fili na numfashi yana haifar da kuzari mai ƙarfi, yana haifar da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa kuma yana iya haifar da cutar. ciwon daji, cin abinci na dogon lokaci na ƙananan maida hankali formaldehyde zai iya haifar da asarar ci, asarar nauyi, rauni, alamar cututtuka irin su rashin barci, Cutar da jarirai yana bayyana a matsayin asma, tracheitis, chromosomal abnormalities, da kuma rage juriya.
2.PH darajar
Ƙimar PH shine fihirisar da aka saba amfani da ita wanda ke nuna ƙarfin acid da alkalinity, gabaɗaya tsakanin ƙimar 0 ~ 14.Fatar dan Adam tana dauke da wani nau'in acid mai rauni don hana cutar shiga.Sabili da haka, kayan masarufi, musamman samfuran da suka shiga cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da fata, suna da tasirin kariya akan fata idan ana iya sarrafa ƙimar pH a cikin kewayon tsaka tsaki zuwa raunin acid.Idan ba haka ba, zai iya fusatar da fata, yana haifar da lalacewar fata, kwayoyin cuta, da cututtuka.
3.Launi Azumi
Sautin launi yana nufin ikon rini ko bugu don riƙe ainihin launi da haske (ko don kada su shuɗe) ƙarƙashin aikin abubuwan waje daban-daban yayin aiwatar da rini, bugu ko amfani.Sautin launi ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da ingancin kayan masaku ba, har ma da alaƙa kai tsaye da lafiya da amincin jikin ɗan adam.Za'a iya canza kayan masarufi, rini ko pigments tare da ƙarancin launi mai sauƙi zuwa fata, kuma ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da ion ƙarfe masu nauyi da ke cikin su na iya ɗaukar jikin ɗan adam ta fata.A lokuta masu haske, za su iya sa mutane ƙaiƙayi;a lokuta masu tsanani, suna iya haifar da erythema da papules a kan fata, har ma da haifar da ciwon daji.Musamman ma, alamar saurin saurin launi na salivary da gumi na samfuran jarirai yana da mahimmanci musamman.Jarirai da yara na iya shan launi ta hanyar miya da gumi, kuma rini masu cutarwa a cikin yadi zai haifar da illa ga jarirai da yara.
4.Kamshi Na Musamman
Yawancin yadudduka marasa inganci suna haɗuwa da wani wari, kasancewar wari yana nuna cewa akwai ragowar sinadarai masu yawa akan kayan masakun, wanda shine mafi sauƙi ga masu amfani don yin hukunci.Bayan budewa, za a iya yanke hukuncin cewa yadin yana da wari idan yana wari ɗaya ko fiye na musty, babban tafasasshen man fetur, kananzir, kifi, ko hydrocarbons mai kamshi.
5.Banned Azo Dyes
An haramta rini azo da kanta kuma babu wani tasirin cutar kansa kai tsaye, amma a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, musamman rashin saurin launin launi, wani ɓangaren rini za a canza shi zuwa fatar mutum daga yadi, a cikin aiwatar da metabolism na yau da kullun na ɓoyewar jikin ɗan adam. na biological catalysis a karkashin raguwar amine aromatic, a hankali jikin mutum yana sha ta fata, yana haifar da cututtukan jiki, har ma da ainihin tsarin DNA na iya canza jikin mutum, Yana haifar da ciwon daji da sauransu.
6.Wasa Rini
Rashin lafiyan rini yana nufin wasu rini da ke haifar da fata, mucosa ko rashin lafiyar jikin mutum ko dabba.A halin yanzu, an gano nau'ikan rini masu hankali iri 27, ciki har da rini na tarwatsewa iri 26 da kuma rini na acid guda 1.Ana amfani da rini na tarwatsawa sau da yawa don yin rini mai tsabta ko gauraye samfuran polyester, polyamide da zaruruwan acetate.
7.Karfe mai nauyi
Yin amfani da rini mai haɗaɗɗen ƙarfe shine muhimmin tushen ƙarfe masu nauyi a cikin yadudduka kuma filayen tsire-tsire na halitta na iya ɗaukar karafa masu nauyi daga gurɓataccen ƙasa ko iska yayin girma da tsarin sarrafawa.Bugu da kari, na'urorin haɗi kamar su zippers, maɓalli na iya ƙunsar abubuwa masu nauyi na ƙarfe kyauta.Ragowar ƙarfe mai nauyi da yawa a cikin yadudduka zai haifar da mummunar tari da zarar jikin ɗan adam ya shafe ta ta fata.
8.Sauran Kwari
Yafi wanzu a cikin halitta fiber (auduga) magungunan kashe qwari, magungunan kashe qwari saura a cikin yadi ne kullum barga tsarin, wuya ga hadawan abu da iskar shaka, bazuwar, toxicity, tunawa da jikin mutum ta fata zuwa tara kwanciyar hankali wanzu a cikin jiki ta kyallen takarda, kazalika da hanta, koda, tarin nama na zuciya, kamar tsoma baki na al'ada na kira a cikin jiki.Saki, metabolism, da dai sauransu.
9.Flammability na janar tufafi Textiles
Ko da yake akwai hanyar gwajin aikin konewa fiye da goma, amma ana iya raba ka'idar gwaji zuwa nau'i biyu: ɗaya shine gwada samfurin yadin haske a cikin ma'auni daban-daban na iskar oxygen, nitrogen, adadin mafi ƙarancin da ake buƙata don ci gaba da konewa. a cikin haɗe-haɗen iskar gas, abun ciki na oxygen (wanda aka sani da iyakacin iskar oxygen), da kuma iyakar iskar oxygen ya ce aikin konewa na kayan yadudduka. Gaba ɗaya, ƙananan ƙarancin iskar oxygen, mafi kusantar yatsan ya ƙone. Na biyu shine don lura da gwada ma'aunin harshen wuta sannan kuma ya faru konewa (ciki har da konewar hayaki) A ƙarƙashin ka'idar gwaji, akwai fihirisa da yawa don kwatanta aikin konewa na yadi.Akwai ma'auni masu mahimmanci don bayyana halayen konewa, irin su ko samfurin ya ƙone, narkewa, carbonization, pyrolysis, shrinkage, crimping da narke faduwa, da dai sauransu. Har ila yau, akwai alamun ƙididdiga don bayyana halayen konewa, irin su konewa tsawon ko nisa (konewa tsawon ko nisa). ko yawan konewa), lokacin ƙonewa, lokacin ci gaba, lokacin hayaƙi, lokacin yaɗuwar harshen wuta, yankin da ya lalace da adadin fitowar harshen wuta, da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-10-2021