Duk da cewa robobi suna da kyawawan halaye da yawa, ba kowace irin robobi ba ce za ta iya samun kyawawan halaye. Dole ne injiniyoyin kayan aiki da masu zane-zanen masana'antu su fahimci halayen robobi daban-daban domin su tsara cikakkun kayayyakin robobi. Ana iya raba kadarar robobi zuwa kayan zahiri na asali, kadarar injina, kadarar zafi, kadarar sinadarai, kadarar gani da kadarar lantarki, da sauransu. Robobi na injiniyanci suna nufin robobi na masana'antu da ake amfani da su azaman sassan masana'antu ko kayan harsashi. Robobi ne masu ƙarfi, juriyar tasiri, juriyar zafi, tauri da kuma kariya daga tsufa. Masana'antar Japan za ta ayyana shi a matsayin "ana iya amfani da shi azaman sassan gini da na injiniya na robobi masu aiki mai girma, juriyar zafi sama da 100℃, galibi ana amfani da su a masana'antu".
A ƙasa za mu lissafa wasu da ake amfani da su akai-akaikayan aikin gwaji:
1.Ma'aunin Gudun Narkewa(MFI):
Ana amfani da shi don auna ƙimar narkewar ruwa ta MFR na robobi da resins daban-daban a cikin yanayin kwararar ruwa mai kama da ruwa. Ya dace da robobi na injiniya kamar polycarbonate, polyarylsulfone, robobi na fluorine, nailan da sauransu tare da zafin narkewa mai yawa. Hakanan ya dace da polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), resin ABS, polyformaldehyde (POM), resin polycarbonate (PC) da sauran zafin narkewar filastik ƙarancin gwaji ne. Cika ƙa'idodi: ISO 1133, ASTM D1238, GB/T3682
Hanyar gwaji ita ce a bar ƙwayoyin filastik su narke su zama ruwan filastik cikin wani lokaci (minti 10), a ƙarƙashin wani yanayi na zafin jiki da matsin lamba (ma'auni daban-daban na kayan aiki daban-daban), sannan su fita ta cikin diamita na gram 2.095mm (g). Mafi girman ƙimar, mafi kyawun ruwan sarrafa kayan filastik, da kuma akasin haka. Ma'aunin gwaji da aka fi amfani da shi shine ASTM D 1238. Kayan aikin aunawa don wannan ma'aunin gwaji shine Melt Indexer. Tsarin aiki na musamman na gwajin shine: an sanya kayan polymer (roba) da za a gwada a cikin ƙaramin rami, kuma ƙarshen ramin an haɗa shi da bututu mai siriri, diamita wanda shine 2.095mm, kuma tsawon bututun shine 8mm. Bayan dumama zuwa wani yanayi na zafin jiki, ƙarshen saman kayan yana matse ƙasa ta hanyar wani nauyi da piston ya shafa, kuma ana auna nauyin kayan cikin mintuna 10, wanda shine ma'aunin kwararar filastik. Wani lokaci za ku ga wakilcin MI25g/min 10, wanda ke nufin cewa an fitar da gram 25 na filastik cikin mintuna 10. Darajar MI na robobi da aka saba amfani da su yana tsakanin 1 zuwa 25. Girman MI, ƙaramar danko na kayan filastik da kuma ƙaramar nauyin kwayoyin halitta; in ba haka ba, girman danko na filastik da kuma girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta.
2. Injin Gwaji Mai Tasowa Na Duniya (UTM)
Injin gwajin kayan duniya (injin tensile): gwada tensile, yagewa, lanƙwasawa da sauran halayen injiniya na kayan filastik.
Ana iya raba shi zuwa waɗannan rukunoni:
1)Ƙarfin tauri&Ƙarawa:
Ƙarfin tauri, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙarfin tauri, yana nufin girman ƙarfin da ake buƙata don shimfiɗa kayan filastik zuwa wani mataki, yawanci ana bayyana shi ta hanyar adadin ƙarfin da ke cikin kowane yanki, da kuma kashi na tsawon tauri shine tsayin. Ƙarfin tauri Saurin tauri na samfurin yawanci shine 5.0 ~ 6.5mm/min. Cikakken hanyar gwaji bisa ga ASTM D638.
2)Ƙarfin lankwasawa&Ƙarfin lanƙwasawa:
Ƙarfin lanƙwasawa, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙarfin lanƙwasawa, galibi ana amfani da shi don tantance juriyar lanƙwasa na robobi. Ana iya gwada shi daidai da hanyar ASMD790 kuma galibi ana bayyana shi dangane da adadin ƙarfi a kowane yanki na raka'a. Robobi gabaɗaya zuwa PVC, resin Melamine, resin epoxy da ƙarfin lanƙwasa polyester shine mafi kyau. Hakanan ana amfani da fiberglass don inganta juriyar lanƙwasa na robobi. Lanƙwasawa yana nufin damuwa mai lanƙwasawa da aka samar a kowace raka'a na nakasa a cikin kewayon lanƙwasa lokacin da aka lanƙwasa samfurin (hanyar gwaji kamar ƙarfin lanƙwasawa). Gabaɗaya, girman lanƙwasawa, mafi kyawun taurin kayan filastik.
3)Ƙarfin matsi:
Ƙarfin matsi yana nufin ikon robobi don jure ƙarfin matsi na waje. Ana iya tantance ƙimar gwajin bisa ga hanyar ASMD695. Polyacetal, polyester, acrylic, urethral resins da meramin resins suna da kyawawan halaye a wannan fanni.
3.Injin gwaji na tasirin Cantilever/ Sna'urar gwajin tasirin tasirin katako mai goyan baya
Ana amfani da shi don gwada taurin tasirin kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba kamar takardar filastik mai tauri, bututu, kayan da aka yi da siffa ta musamman, nailan mai ƙarfi, filastik mai ƙarfi na gilashi, yumbu, kayan rufin lantarki na dutse, da sauransu.
Daidai da ƙa'idar ƙasa da ƙasa ta ISO180-1992 "ƙayyade ƙarfin tasirin roba - abu mai tauri"; ƙa'idar ƙasa ta GB/T1843-1996 "hanyar gwajin tasirin roba mai tauri", ƙa'idar masana'antar injina JB/T8761-1998 "injin gwajin tasirin roba mai tauri".
4. Gwaje-gwajen muhalli: kwaikwayon juriyar yanayi na kayan aiki.
1) Injin gwajin zafin jiki na yau da kullun, injin gwajin zafin jiki da danshi na yau da kullun shine kayan lantarki, jiragen sama, motoci, kayan aikin gida, fenti, masana'antar sinadarai, binciken kimiyya a fannoni kamar kwanciyar hankali na ingancin kayan aikin gwajin zafin jiki da danshi, wanda ya zama dole ga sassan masana'antu, manyan sassan, samfuran da aka gama, lantarki, kayan lantarki da sauran kayayyaki, sassa da kayan don gwajin yanayin zafi mai yawa, ƙarancin zafin jiki, sanyi, danshi da zafi ko gwajin yanayin zafi da danshi akai-akai.
2) Akwatin gwajin tsufa daidai, akwatin gwajin tsufa na UV (hasken ultraviolet), akwatin gwajin zafi mai yawa da ƙasa,
3) Mai Gwaji Mai Tsananin Zafi Mai Shirye-shirye
4) Injin gwajin sanyi da zafi kayan aikin lantarki ne, jiragen sama, motoci, kayan aikin gida, rufin rufi, masana'antar sinadarai, masana'antar tsaro ta ƙasa, masana'antar soja, binciken kimiyya da sauran fannoni kayan aikin gwaji masu mahimmanci. Ya dace da canje-canje na zahiri na sassa da kayan wasu kayayyaki kamar su photoelectric, semiconductor, sassan da suka shafi lantarki, sassan motoci da masana'antu masu alaƙa da kwamfuta don gwada juriyar kayan zuwa zafi mai yawa da ƙarancin zafi da canje-canjen sinadarai ko lalacewar jiki na samfura yayin faɗaɗa zafi da sanyi.
5) Ɗakin gwaji mai zafi da ƙarancin zafi
6) Ɗakin Gwaji na Juriya da Yanayi na Fitilar Xenon
7) Mai Gwaji na HDT VICAT
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-10-2021